Common Adjectives in Japanese
Essential adjectives for describing size, quantity, and everyday things.
Sizeโ
| Hiragana | Kanji | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใใใใ | ๅคงใใ | ookii | ๐ด big/large | ใ-adj |
| ใกใใใ | ๅฐใใ | chiisai | ๐ต small | ใ-adj |
| ใฒใใ | ๅบใ | hiroi | ๐ wide/spacious | ใ-adj |
| ใใพใ | ็ญใ | semai | ๐ narrow/cramped | ใ-adj |
| ใชใใ | ้ทใ | nagai | ใฐ๏ธ long | ใ-adj |
| ใฟใใใ | ็ญใ | mijikai | โ๏ธ short | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ้ซใ | takai | ๐๏ธ tall/high | ใ-adj |
| ใฒใใ | ไฝใ | hikui | โฌ๏ธ low/short | ใ-adj |
Examples:
- ใใฎใธใใฏ ใฒใใ ใงใ โ This room is spacious.
- kono heya wa hiroi desu
- ใใใฏ ใใ ใใใ ใงใ โ He is tall.
- kare wa se ga takai desu
Quantityโ
| Hiragana | Kanji | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใใใ | ๅคใ | ooi | ๐ many/a lot | ใ-adj |
| ใใใชใ | ๅฐใชใ | sukunai | ๐ few/little | ใ-adj |
| ใใใใ | ๆฒขๅฑฑ | takusan | ๐ฆ many/a lot | adverb |
| ใใใ | ๅฐใ | sukoshi | ๐ค a little/few | adverb |
| ใใใถ | ๅ จ้จ | zenbu | ๐ฏ all/everything | noun |
ใใใ vs ใใใใ
ใใใ is an adjective and modifies nouns indirectly: ใฒใจใ ใใใ (there are many people). ใใใใ is an adverb and comes before a verb or before ใฎ: ใใใใ ใในใ (ate a lot) / ใใใใใฎ ใฒใจ (many people).
Examples:
- ใใใจใ ใใใ ใงใ โ There is a lot of work.
- shigoto ga ooi desu
- ใใใใ ใในใพใใ โ I ate a lot.
- takusan tabemashita
- ใใใ ใใใใพใ โ I understand a little.
- sukoshi wakarimasu
Temperature & Sensationโ
| Hiragana | Kanji | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใใคใ | ๆใ | atsui | ๐ฅ hot (weather) | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ๅฏใ | samui | โ๏ธ cold (weather) | ใ-adj |
| ใใใใใ | ๆใใ | atatakai | ๐ค๏ธ warm | ใ-adj |
| ใใใใ | ๆถผใใ | suzushii | ๐ cool/refreshing | ใ-adj |
| ใคใใใ | ๅทใใ | tsumetai | ๐ง cold (to touch) | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ่พใ | karai | ๐ถ๏ธ spicy/hot | ใ-adj |
| ใใพใ | ็ใ | amai | ๐ฌ sweet | ใ-adj |
ใใคใ has two kanji
- ๆใ (atsui) โ hot weather or air temperature
- ็ฑใ (atsui) โ hot to the touch (food, drinks, objects)
Examples:
- ใใใใฏ ใใคใ ใงใ โ It's hot today.
- kyou wa atsui desu
- ใใฎในใผใใฏ ใใคใ ใงใ โ This soup is hot.
- kono suupu wa atsui desu
Speed & Weightโ
| Hiragana | Kanji | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใฏใใ | ้ใ | hayai | โก fast | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ้ ใ | osoi | ๐ slow/late | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ้ใ | omoi | โ๏ธ heavy | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ่ปฝใ | karui | ๐ชถ light | ใ-adj |
ใฏใใ has two kanji
- ้ใ (hayai) โ fast (speed)
- ๆฉใ (hayai) โ early (time)
Age & Conditionโ
| Hiragana | Kanji | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใใใใใ | ๆฐใใ | atarashii | โจ new | ใ-adj |
| ใตใใ | ๅคใ | furui | ๐๏ธ old (objects) | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ่ฅใ | wakai | ๐ฑ young | ใ-adj |
| ใใใชใ | ๆฑใ | kitanai | ๐๏ธ dirty | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ็ถบ้บ | kirei | ๐ธ clean/pretty | ใช-adj |
ใตใใ is only for objects
Use ใตใใ for old objects/things. For old people, use ใจใใใจใฃใ or ใใจใใใ instead.
Quality & Feelingโ
| Hiragana | Kanji | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ใใ / ใใ | ่ฏใ | ii / yoi | โ good | ใ-adj |
| ใใใ | ๆชใ | warui | โ bad | ใ-adj |
| ใใฎใใ | ๆฅฝใใ | tanoshii | ๐ fun/enjoyable | ใ-adj |
| ใคใพใใชใ | ่ฉฐใพใใชใ | tsumaranai | ๐ boring/dull | ใ-adj |
| ใใใใใ | ้ฃใใ | muzukashii | ๐คฏ difficult | ใ-adj |
| ใใใใ | ๆใใ | yasashii | ๐ easy/kind | ใ-adj |
| ใใใใ | ๅฏๆใ | kawaii | ๐ฅฐ cute | ใ-adj |
| ใใฃใใใ | ๆ ผๅฅฝใใ | kakkoii | ๐ cool/handsome | ใ-adj |
ใใ in conjugation
ใใ only appears in the plain/dictionary form. All conjugated forms use ใใ:
- โ ใใ โ โ ใใใฃใ (was good), ใใใชใ (not good), ใใใใฐ (if good)
- โ ใใใฃใ / ใใใชใ
Common Phrases
- ใใใใ ใใ ใง ใฏใชใใฆ ใใ ใใ โ Please speak loudly (lit. with a big voice).
- ใใใใ ใใใใ ใ ใใพใใ โ I practiced a lot.
- ใใใ ใพใฃใฆ ใใ ใใ โ Please wait a moment.
- ใใใใใ ใใใพ ใ ใปใใ ใงใ โ I want a new car.
- ใซใปใใ ใฏ ใใใใใ ใงใ ใใใใฎใใ ใงใ โ Japanese is difficult, but fun.