Days and Weeks
Understanding day and week vocabulary is essential for daily conversations and scheduling.
Days of the Weekโ
The kanji for days of the week represent the five elements: ๆ(moon), ็ซ(fire), ๆฐด(water), ๆจ(wood), ้(metal), ๅ(earth), ๆฅ(sun). In Japan, the week starts on Monday.
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๆๆๆฅ | ใใคใใใณ | getsuyoubi | ๐ Monday | noun |
| ็ซๆๆฅ | ใใใใณ | kayoubi | ๐ฅ Tuesday | noun |
| ๆฐดๆๆฅ | ใใใใใณ | suiyoubi | ๐ง Wednesday | noun |
| ๆจๆๆฅ | ใใใใใณ | mokuyoubi | ๐ณ Thursday | noun |
| ้ๆๆฅ | ใใใใใณ | kinyoubi | โญ Friday | noun |
| ๅๆๆฅ | ใฉใใใณ | doyoubi | ๐ Saturday | noun |
| ๆฅๆๆฅ | ใซใกใใใณ | nichiyoubi | โ๏ธ Sunday | noun |
Examples:
- ใใคใใใณใซ ใใใใฎใซ ใใใพใ (getsuyoubi ni kaimono ni ikimasu) - I go shopping on Monday
- ใใใใใณใฏ ใใใฟใงใ (kinyoubi wa yasumi desu) - Friday is a day off
- ใใคใใใณใใ ใใใใณใพใง ใใฃใใใซ ใใใพใ (getsuyoubi kara kayoubi made gakkou ni ikimasu) - I go to school from Monday to Tuesday
Relative Daysโ
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ไปๆฅ | ใใใ | kyou | ๐ today | noun |
| ๆจๆฅ | ใใฎใ | kinou | โฌ ๏ธ yesterday | noun |
| ๆๆฅ | ใใใ | ashita | โก๏ธ tomorrow | noun |
| ๆๅพๆฅ | ใใใฃใฆ | asatte | โก๏ธโก๏ธ day after tomorrow | noun |
| ไธๆจๆฅ | ใใจใจใ | ototoi | โฌ ๏ธโฌ ๏ธ day before yesterday | noun |
Examples:
- ใใใใฏ ใใใจใ ใใใพใ (kyou wa shigoto ga arimasu) - I have work today
- ใใฎใ ใจใใ ใกใจ ใใใพใใ (kinou tomodachi to aimashita) - I met my friend yesterday
- ใใใ ใใใใ ใฟใพใ (ashita eiga wo mimasu) - I will watch a movie tomorrow
Week Referencesโ
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ไป้ฑ | ใใใใ ใ | konshuu | ๐ this week | noun |
| ๅ ้ฑ | ใใใใ ใ | senshuu | โฌ ๏ธ last week | noun |
| ๆฅ้ฑ | ใใใใ ใ | raishuu | โก๏ธ next week | noun |
| ๆฏ้ฑ | ใพใใใ ใ | maishuu | ๐ every week | noun |
| ้ฑๆซ | ใใ ใใพใค | shuumatsu | ๐ weekend | noun |
Examples:
- ใใใใ ใใฏ ใใใใใใงใ (konshuu wa isogashii desu) - This week is busy
- ใใใใ ใ ใใใใ ใฟใพใใ (senshuu eiga wo mimashita) - I watched a movie last week
- ใใ ใใพใคใซ ใใใใใซ ใใใพใ (shuumatsu ni ryokou ni ikimasu) - I'm going on a trip this weekend
- ใพใใใ ใ ใใคใใใณใซ ใใใใฎใซ ใใใพใ (maishuu getsuyoubi ni kaimono ni ikimasu) - I go shopping every Monday
Time of Dayโ
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๆ | ใใ | asa | ๐ morning | noun |
| ๆผ | ใฒใ | hiru | ๐ noon/daytime | noun |
| ๅคๆน | ใใใใ | yuugata | ๐ evening | noun |
| ๅค | ใใ | yoru | ๐ night | noun |
| ็ๅคไธญ | ใพใใชใ | mayonaka | ๐ midnight | noun |
When talking about time periods, Japanese often uses ใซ (ni) particle to indicate when something happens.
Examples:
- ใใ ใฏใใ ใใใพใ (asa hayaku okimasu) - I wake up early in the morning
- ใฒใใซ ใใฏใใ ใในใพใ (hiru ni gohan wo tabemasu) - I eat lunch at noon
- ใใใใ ใจใใ ใกใจ ใใใพใ (yuugata tomodachi to aimasu) - I meet my friend in the evening
- ใใ ใใใใพใง ในใใใใใใพใ (yoru osoku made benkyou shimasu) - I study until late at night
- ใใใซ ใปใใ ใใฟใพใ (yoru ni hon wo yomimasu) - I read books at night