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Calendar and Dates

Months (ใŒใค)โ€‹

Pattern: [Number] + ใŒใคโ€‹

Most months follow a simple pattern: number + ใŒใค

MonthKanjiHiraganaRomaji
Januaryไธ€ๆœˆใ„ใก ใŒใคichi gatsu
FebruaryไบŒๆœˆใซ ใŒใคni gatsu
Marchไธ‰ๆœˆใ•ใ‚“ ใŒใคsan gatsu
Aprilๅ››ๆœˆใ— ใŒใคโš ๏ธ shi gatsu
Mayไบ”ๆœˆใ” ใŒใคgo gatsu
Juneๅ…ญๆœˆใ‚ใ ใŒใคroku gatsu
Julyไธƒๆœˆใ—ใก ใŒใคshichi gatsu
Augustๅ…ซๆœˆใฏใก ใŒใคhachi gatsu
Septemberไนๆœˆใ ใŒใคโš ๏ธ ku gatsu
Octoberๅๆœˆใ˜ใ‚…ใ† ใŒใคjuu gatsu
Novemberๅไธ€ๆœˆใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ„ใก ใŒใคjuuichi gatsu
DecemberๅไบŒๆœˆใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใซ ใŒใคjuuni gatsu
Month Exceptions (โš ๏ธ)

April and September use different number readings that must be memorized โ€” they do not follow the standard number + ใŒใค pattern:

  • April: ใ—ใŒใค (shigatsu) - NOT ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใŒใค
  • September: ใใŒใค (kugatsu) - NOT ใใ‚…ใ†ใŒใค

Days (ใซใก/ใ‹)โ€‹

Regular Pattern: [Number] + ใซใกโ€‹

Most days follow: number + ใซใก

Examples:

  • 11ๆ—ฅ = ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ„ใก ใซใก (juuichi nichi) - 11th
  • 12ๆ—ฅ = ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใซ ใซใก (juuni nichi) - 12th
  • 15ๆ—ฅ = ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ” ใซใก (juugo nichi) - 15th
  • 25ๆ—ฅ = ใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ” ใซใก (nijuugo nichi) - 25th

Exception Days (Must Memorize!)โ€‹

Many days have irregular readings that must be memorized:

DayKanjiHiraganaRomaji
1stไธ€ๆ—ฅใคใ„ใŸใกโญ tsuitachi
2ndไบŒๆ—ฅใตใคใ‹futsuka
3rdไธ‰ๆ—ฅใฟใฃใ‹mikka
4thๅ››ๆ—ฅใ‚ˆใฃใ‹yokka
5thไบ”ๆ—ฅใ„ใคใ‹itsuka
6thๅ…ญๆ—ฅใ‚€ใ„ใ‹muika
7thไธƒๆ—ฅใชใฎใ‹nanoka
8thๅ…ซๆ—ฅใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹youka
9thไนๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใฎใ‹kokonoka
10thๅๆ—ฅใจใŠใ‹tooka
14thๅๅ››ๆ—ฅใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹โš ๏ธ juuyokka
20thไบŒๅๆ—ฅใฏใคใ‹โญ hatsuka
24thไบŒๅๅ››ๆ—ฅใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹โš ๏ธ nijuuyokka
Memory Aid
  • โญ Special words โ€” 1st (ใคใ„ใŸใก) and 20th (ใฏใคใ‹) are completely standalone words with no relation to any number pattern
  • โš ๏ธ Pronunciation exceptions โ€” 14th and 24th use ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹ instead of ใ‚ˆใ‚“, deviating from the expected pattern
  • Days 2โ€“10 all use native Japanese readings (ๅ’Œ่ชž) and must be memorized individually
Common Day Mistakes

โŒ Wrong: 1ๆ—ฅ = ใ„ใกใซใก โ†’ โœ“ Correct: ใคใ„ใŸใก

โŒ Wrong: 20ๆ—ฅ = ใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ† ใซใก โ†’ โœ“ Correct: ใฏใคใ‹

โŒ Wrong: 14ๆ—ฅ = ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚“ ใซใก โ†’ โœ“ Correct: ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹

Years (ใญใ‚“)โ€‹

Pattern: [Number] + ใญใ‚“โ€‹

Simply read the year as a number followed by ใญใ‚“.

Example: 1983

  • ใ›ใ‚“ ใใ‚…ใ†ใฒใ‚ƒใ ใฏใกใ˜ใ‚…ใ† ใ•ใ‚“ ใญใ‚“
  • sen kyuuhyaku hachijuu san nen

Example: 2025

  • ใซใ›ใ‚“ ใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ† ใ” ใญใ‚“
  • nisen nijuu go nen

Year Referencesโ€‹

KanjiHiraganaRomajiEnglishType
ไปŠๅนดใ“ใจใ—kotoshi๐Ÿ“… this yearnoun
ๅŽปๅนดใใ‚‡ใญใ‚“kyonenโฌ…๏ธ last yearnoun
ๆฅๅนดใ‚‰ใ„ใญใ‚“rainenโžก๏ธ next yearnoun
ๆฏŽๅนดใพใ„ใจใ—maitoshi๐Ÿ” every yearnoun
ไธ€ๅนดไธญใ„ใกใญใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ichinenjuu๐Ÿ“† all year (long)noun
ๅนดใญใ‚“nen๐Ÿ“† yearnoun

Saying Datesโ€‹

Japanese dates follow the order: Year โ†’ Month โ†’ Day

[Year] ใญใ‚“ [Month] ใŒใค [Day]

Example: September 14, 1983โ€‹

Full Date: 1983ๅนด 9ๆœˆ 14ๆ—ฅ

Reading:

  1. ใ›ใ‚“ ใใ‚…ใ†ใฒใ‚ƒใ ใฏใกใ˜ใ‚…ใ† ใ•ใ‚“ ใญใ‚“ (1983ๅนด)
  • Year: 1983
  1. ใ ใŒใค (9ๆœˆ)
  • Month: September
  1. ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹ (14ๆ—ฅ)
  • Day: 14th

Complete: ใ›ใ‚“ ใใ‚…ใ†ใฒใ‚ƒใ ใฏใกใ˜ใ‚…ใ† ใ•ใ‚“ ใญใ‚“ ใ ใŒใค ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹

Asking About Datesโ€‹

  • ใชใ‚“ ใŒใค ใชใ‚“ ใซใก ใงใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ - What month and day is it?
    • ใ ใŒใค ใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹ ใงใ™ (September 24th)
  • ใŸใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใณ ใฏ ใ„ใค ใงใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ - When is your birthday?
    • ใ ใŒใค ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใฃใ‹ ใงใ™ (September 14th)
  • ใชใ‚“ ใญใ‚“ ใ†ใพใ‚Œ ใงใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ - What year were you born?
    • ใ›ใ‚“ ใใ‚…ใ†ใฒใ‚ƒใ ใฏใกใ˜ใ‚…ใ† ใ•ใ‚“ ใญใ‚“ ใ†ใพใ‚Œ ใงใ™ (1983)