Calendar and Dates
Months (ใใค)โ
Pattern: [Number] + ใใคโ
Most months follow a simple pattern: number + ใใค
| Month | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | ไธๆ | ใใก ใใค | ichi gatsu |
| February | ไบๆ | ใซ ใใค | ni gatsu |
| March | ไธๆ | ใใ ใใค | san gatsu |
| April | ๅๆ | ใ ใใค | โ ๏ธ shi gatsu |
| May | ไบๆ | ใ ใใค | go gatsu |
| June | ๅ ญๆ | ใใ ใใค | roku gatsu |
| July | ไธๆ | ใใก ใใค | shichi gatsu |
| August | ๅ ซๆ | ใฏใก ใใค | hachi gatsu |
| September | ไนๆ | ใ ใใค | โ ๏ธ ku gatsu |
| October | ๅๆ | ใใ ใ ใใค | juu gatsu |
| November | ๅไธๆ | ใใ ใใใก ใใค | juuichi gatsu |
| December | ๅไบๆ | ใใ ใใซ ใใค | juuni gatsu |
April and September use different number readings that must be memorized โ they do not follow the standard number + ใใค pattern:
- April: ใใใค (shigatsu) - NOT ใใใใค
- September: ใใใค (kugatsu) - NOT ใใ ใใใค
Days (ใซใก/ใ)โ
Regular Pattern: [Number] + ใซใกโ
Most days follow: number + ใซใก
Examples:
- 11ๆฅ = ใใ ใใใก ใซใก (juuichi nichi) - 11th
- 12ๆฅ = ใใ ใใซ ใซใก (juuni nichi) - 12th
- 15ๆฅ = ใใ ใใ ใซใก (juugo nichi) - 15th
- 25ๆฅ = ใซใใ ใใ ใซใก (nijuugo nichi) - 25th
Exception Days (Must Memorize!)โ
Many days have irregular readings that must be memorized:
| Day | Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | ไธๆฅ | ใคใใใก | โญ tsuitachi |
| 2nd | ไบๆฅ | ใตใคใ | futsuka |
| 3rd | ไธๆฅ | ใฟใฃใ | mikka |
| 4th | ๅๆฅ | ใใฃใ | yokka |
| 5th | ไบๆฅ | ใใคใ | itsuka |
| 6th | ๅ ญๆฅ | ใใใ | muika |
| 7th | ไธๆฅ | ใชใฎใ | nanoka |
| 8th | ๅ ซๆฅ | ใใใ | youka |
| 9th | ไนๆฅ | ใใใฎใ | kokonoka |
| 10th | ๅๆฅ | ใจใใ | tooka |
| 14th | ๅๅๆฅ | ใใ ใใใฃใ | โ ๏ธ juuyokka |
| 20th | ไบๅๆฅ | ใฏใคใ | โญ hatsuka |
| 24th | ไบๅๅๆฅ | ใซใใ ใใใฃใ | โ ๏ธ nijuuyokka |
- โญ Special words โ 1st (ใคใใใก) and 20th (ใฏใคใ) are completely standalone words with no relation to any number pattern
- โ ๏ธ Pronunciation exceptions โ 14th and 24th use ใใฃใ instead of ใใ, deviating from the expected pattern
- Days 2โ10 all use native Japanese readings (ๅ่ช) and must be memorized individually
โ Wrong: 1ๆฅ = ใใกใซใก โ โ Correct: ใคใใใก
โ Wrong: 20ๆฅ = ใซใใ ใ ใซใก โ โ Correct: ใฏใคใ
โ Wrong: 14ๆฅ = ใใ ใใใ ใซใก โ โ Correct: ใใ ใใใฃใ
Years (ใญใ)โ
Pattern: [Number] + ใญใโ
Simply read the year as a number followed by ใญใ.
Example: 1983
- ใใ ใใ ใใฒใใ ใฏใกใใ ใ ใใ ใญใ
- sen kyuuhyaku hachijuu san nen
Example: 2025
- ใซใใ ใซใใ ใ ใ ใญใ
- nisen nijuu go nen
Year Referencesโ
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ไปๅนด | ใใจใ | kotoshi | ๐ this year | noun |
| ๅปๅนด | ใใใญใ | kyonen | โฌ ๏ธ last year | noun |
| ๆฅๅนด | ใใใญใ | rainen | โก๏ธ next year | noun |
| ๆฏๅนด | ใพใใจใ | maitoshi | ๐ every year | noun |
| ไธๅนดไธญ | ใใกใญใใใ ใ | ichinenjuu | ๐ all year (long) | noun |
| ๅนด | ใญใ | nen | ๐ year | noun |
Saying Datesโ
Japanese dates follow the order: Year โ Month โ Day
[Year] ใญใ [Month] ใใค [Day]
Example: September 14, 1983โ
Full Date: 1983ๅนด 9ๆ 14ๆฅ
Reading:
- ใใ ใใ ใใฒใใ ใฏใกใใ ใ ใใ ใญใ (1983ๅนด)
- Year: 1983
- ใ ใใค (9ๆ)
- Month: September
- ใใ ใใใฃใ (14ๆฅ)
- Day: 14th
Complete: ใใ ใใ ใใฒใใ ใฏใกใใ ใ ใใ ใญใ ใ ใใค ใใ ใใใฃใ
Asking About Datesโ
- ใชใ ใใค ใชใ ใซใก ใงใ ใ๏ผ - What month and day is it?
- ใ ใใค ใซใใ ใใใฃใ ใงใ (September 24th)
- ใใใใใใณ ใฏ ใใค ใงใ ใ๏ผ - When is your birthday?
- ใ ใใค ใใ ใใใฃใ ใงใ (September 14th)
- ใชใ ใญใ ใใพใ ใงใ ใ๏ผ - What year were you born?
- ใใ ใใ ใใฒใใ ใฏใกใใ ใ ใใ ใญใ ใใพใ ใงใ (1983)
Next Steps
Once you're comfortable with this lesson, check out: